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Common Ground2Cannot print to %s. Please select another printer.$Unable to create destination file %sVYou cannot run Common Ground on this machine. Common Ground requires a 386 or better.mCommon Ground requires Windows 3.1 to be run in Enhanced Mode. You need to restart Windows in Enhanced Mode.
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1993 - 1994 No Hands Software, Inc.
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Times
&Putting the Reality in Virtual Reality
u/An Overview of Apple
s QuickTime
VR Technology
August 23, 1994
Palatino
Apple QuickTime VR White Paper
Page
Times
BWalking through the corridors of the Louvre, you turn a corner and
Dsuddenly find yourself held in the captivating gaze of the Mona Lisa
Iherself... Toes in the shallow tide pool, your daughter picks up a bright
Korange starfish and turns it every which way there is, to see what it
s all
Babout... Strolling down San Francisco
s Lombard Street, you become
@dizzy on what you are surely convinced is the world
s crookedest
Gstreet... Your clients nod in approval after walking down the corridors
>of their planned office building from the comfort of their own
boardroom.
*(3And you do all of this from your personal computer.
*(DWelcome to the new promise of virtual reality. Thanks to an exciting
@new software technology from Apple Computer called QuickTime VR,
Areal-world experiences like these are now possible on an ordinary
Cpersonal computer. They require no special hardware or accessories,
nor any special software.
*(=All that is needed is the imagination of developers like you.
*(HIn this paper we explain the concept of real-world VR, and introduce the
=innovative new QuickTime VR software technology that makes it
possible.
Palatino
Apple QuickTime VR White Paper
Page
Times
Table of Contents
QuickTime VR: An Overview
)$!What You Can Do with QuickTime VR
III.
The Advantages of QuickTime VR
)$"Building QuickTime VR Applications
)$&The Run-time Engine and Software Tools
)$&Platform Requirements for QuickTime VR
)$(The State of the Software and Next Steps
Palatino
Apple QuickTime VR White Paper
Page
Times
QuickTime VR: an overview
Just what
Virtual Reality?
HVirtual Reality describes a range of experiences that enable a person to
Cinteract with and explore a spatial environment through a computer.
AThese environments are typically artistic renderings of simple or
Ecomplex computer models. More often than not, VR applications require
>specialized hardware or accessories, such as high-end graphics
Gworkstations, stereo displays, 3D goggles or gloves. As an alternative
Bto virtual reality, video has been used to view real world spaces.
*(AApple
s QuickTime VR is system software that allows Macintosh and
EWindows users to experience these kinds of spatial interactions using
Bonly a low end personal computer, with a mouse or trackball, and a
Bkeyboard. Furthermore, through an innovative use of 360
panoramic
Ephotography, the software enables these interactions using real-world
1representations, as well as computer simulations.
*(DQuickTime VR has two faces: a panoramic movie technology that allows
Cusers to explore spaces, and an object movie technology that allows
4users to examine objects close up and interactively.
*(FWith QuickTime VR, viewers can explore
spaces and objects as if
Fthey were there. As users change their view of a scene
turning left or
Fright, looking up or down, or zooming in or out
correct perspective is
Jalways maintained, providing the effect of actually looking around. Users
Gcan also manipulate objects, looking at them from the front, back, top,
'bottom, or any other angle of interest.
Palatino
Apple QuickTime VR White Paper
Page
Times
6The three defining characteristics of QuickTime VR are
E1) it can use real-world images as well as computer-generated images;
/2) it does not require additional hardware; and
43) it is an extension of the QuickTime architecture.
Palatino
Apple QuickTime VR White Paper
Page
Times
!What You Can Do with QuickTime VR
HQuickTime VR is a technology that Apple will license to third parties in
Ethe form of a runtime engine and authoring tools. It enables content
Bdevelopers, production companies and software developers to create
Aexciting new multimedia products, typically in the form of CD-ROM
Dtitles, in a wide range of markets. These opportunities can include:
) Education
)8: An application can allow students to explore the Mayan
"ruins, or the habitat of a beaver.
Engineering
)D8 Airplanes and buildings that have not been built yet
can be explored and analyzed.
Museums
)59 Tour museums in parts of the world you can't visit in
5person, and see works not normally on public display.
Kiosks
)(8 Malls and theme parks can use QuickTime VR to provide
Ginteractive, real-world directions to help orient a shopper or visitor.
Architecture
)E6 QuickTime VR can enable an interactive walk-through
"of a new house or office building.
Surrogate Travel
)c- If you can
t go on a tour there, QuickTime
%VR can bring a tour of Venice to you.
Games
)&8 Exploration and mystery games can use QuickTime VR to
>allow people to go through a fun house or visit a crime scene.
Palatino
Apple QuickTime VR White Paper
Page
Times
$III. The Advantages of QuickTime VR
*(DThe biggest difference between QuickTime VR and most virtual reality
Jsystems is its ability to use high-quality photographic representations of
Ea space in addition to computer-rendered representations. This, along
Bwith other innovations, results in significant advantages for both
9developers and users versus competing multimedia formats.
Advantages for Developers
Easy panoramic image capture
Using only a standard 35mm
Ccamera and tripod, a real-world 360
scene can be photographed in a
Dfew minutes, eliminating the need for expensive panoramic cameras or
Ilong video-taping sessions. Because of the increased resolution that film
Eoffers over video, the images that QuickTime VR uses will have richer
Ecolors and sharper details. Alternatively, computer-generated scenes
:can be rendered using any off-the-shelf rendering package.
Faster performance
)m+ QuickTime VR incorporates a revolutionary
?new compression/decompression algorithm that for the first time
Adelivers the performance necessary to make the photographic-based
Gexperience realistic. The performance is independent of the complexity
Dof the scene. And since there are no frame boundaries, QuickTime VR
$allows for smoother panning as well.
Small file size
)U2 The capture of a single 360
view of a real scene
Dusing video techniques, such as navigable movies, would require tens
Cof megabytes. The QuickTime VR process can store the complete 360
Palatino
Apple QuickTime VR White Paper
Page
Times
Bphotographic representation in less than one megabyte. The storage
7required for a computer-rendered scene is even smaller.
Flexible interaction
)v*QuickTime VR provides built-in
hot spots
Dthat enable the content developer to make any part of the 360
scene
Jinteractive. When the user clicks on a hot spot, a wide variety of actions
Fcan be triggered, including the presentation of a photograph, an audio
7recording, display text, or another QuickTime VR scene.
Extension to QuickTime family
" QuickTime is currently available
?for Macintosh and Windows personal computers, and is also being
Ddeveloped for consumer electronics devices, such as game players and
Einteractive TV. Because QuickTime VR is part of the QuickTime family
Gof products, it can be delivered on nearly 10 million QuickTime capable
<machines worldwide, enabling QuickTime VR authors to develop
&content once as deliver it many times.
*(>In addition, QuickTime VR files can be embedded in hundreds of
Bapplications that support QuickTime. A few examples are multimedia
=authoring tools, presentation packages, word processors, and
databases.
Advantages for Users
Realistic simulations
)z, Thanks to the use of panoramic photography,
Cscenes built with QuickTime VR enable users to experience 360
real
Eworld simulations. The software provides correct perspective of every
Jview in a scene in real time, giving the user the sense of being there and
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